gasm-sdk/asm/elf_test.go

// Copyright (c) 2026 Petr Balvín <opensource@petrbalvin.org> (https://petrbalvin.org)
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause

package asm

import (
	"bytes"
	"debug/elf"
	"encoding/binary"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path/filepath"
	"testing"

	"sourcedock.dev/petrbalvin/gasm-devkit/ast"
	"sourcedock.dev/petrbalvin/gasm-devkit/parser"
)

// The object-file tests share one source: two exported functions, one
// file-local constant reached through a relocation, and one external symbol
// the linker must resolve.  The functions take their arguments in the System
// V registers (not the Go stack ABI) so a C driver can call them directly.
const elfTestSrc = `
#include "textflag.h"

TEXT ·addq(SB), NOSPLIT, $0
	LEAQ (DI)(SI*1), AX
	RET

TEXT ·getanswer(SB), NOSPLIT, $0
	MOVQ answer<>(SB), AX
	RET

TEXT ·useextern(SB), NOSPLIT, $0
	MOVQ extvar(SB), AX
	RET

GLOBL answer<>(SB), RODATA, $8
DATA answer<>+0(SB)/8, $42
`

func elfTestImage(t *testing.T) *Image {
	t.Helper()
	f, errs := parser.Parse("t_amd64.s", elfTestSrc)
	if len(errs) > 0 {
		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", errs)
	}
	img, err := AssembleFile(f)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("AssembleFile: %v", err)
	}
	return img
}

// TestAssembleFileExternals checks that a reference to a symbol no GLOBL
// defines is recorded as an external relocation instead of failing; the
// raw image leaves the displacement zero, the object emitters carry it.
func TestAssembleFileExternals(t *testing.T) {
	img := elfTestImage(t)
	if len(img.Externals) != 1 || img.Externals[0] != "extvar" {
		t.Fatalf("Externals = %v, want [extvar]", img.Externals)
	}
	var ext, local int
	for _, fn := range img.Funcs {
		for _, r := range fn.Relocs {
			if r.External {
				ext++
				if r.Name != "extvar" {
					t.Errorf("external reloc names %q, want extvar", r.Name)
				}
			} else {
				local++
				if r.Name != "answer" {
					t.Errorf("local reloc names %q, want answer", r.Name)
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if ext != 1 || local != 1 {
		t.Errorf("relocs = %d external, %d local; want 1 and 1", ext, local)
	}
}

// TestELFObject checks the structure of the emitted ELF64 relocatable
// object: sections, the symbol table (bindings, types, values, sizes) and
// the .rela.text relocations, parsed back with debug/elf.
func TestELFObject(t *testing.T) {
	img := elfTestImage(t)
	obj, err := img.ELFObject()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ELFObject: %v", err)
	}
	f, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(obj))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("parse emitted object: %v", err)
	}
	defer f.Close()

	if f.Type != elf.ET_REL || f.Machine != elf.EM_X86_64 {
		t.Errorf("type/machine = %v/%v, want ET_REL/EM_X86_64", f.Type, f.Machine)
	}

	text := f.Section(".text")
	data := f.Section(".data")
	if text == nil || data == nil {
		t.Fatal("missing .text or .data section")
	}
	if text.Flags&elf.SHF_EXECINSTR == 0 || text.Flags&elf.SHF_ALLOC == 0 {
		t.Errorf(".text flags = %v", text.Flags)
	}
	if data.Flags&elf.SHF_WRITE == 0 {
		t.Errorf(".data flags = %v", data.Flags)
	}
	textData, err := text.Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(textData, img.Code) {
		t.Errorf(".text contents differ from the image code")
	}

	syms, err := f.Symbols()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("symbols: %v", err)
	}
	byName := map[string]elf.Symbol{}
	for _, s := range syms {
		byName[s.Name] = s
	}
	wantSym := func(name string, bind elf.SymBind, typ elf.SymType, section elf.SectionIndex, size uint64) {
		t.Helper()
		s, ok := byName[name]
		if !ok {
			t.Errorf("symbol %q not found", name)
			return
		}
		if elf.ST_BIND(s.Info) != bind || elf.ST_TYPE(s.Info) != typ {
			t.Errorf("%s: bind/type = %v/%v, want %v/%v", name, elf.ST_BIND(s.Info), elf.ST_TYPE(s.Info), bind, typ)
		}
		if s.Section != section {
			t.Errorf("%s: section = %v, want %v", name, s.Section, section)
		}
		if s.Size != size {
			t.Errorf("%s: size = %d, want %d", name, s.Size, size)
		}
	}
	// The emitted layout is fixed: 0 NULL, 1 .text, 2 .data.
	if f.Sections[1].Name != ".text" || f.Sections[2].Name != ".data" {
		t.Fatalf("section layout = %s, %s; want .text, .data", f.Sections[1].Name, f.Sections[2].Name)
	}
	textIdx := elf.SectionIndex(1)
	dataIdx := elf.SectionIndex(2)
	wantSym("addq", elf.STB_GLOBAL, elf.STT_FUNC, textIdx, 5)
	wantSym("getanswer", elf.STB_GLOBAL, elf.STT_FUNC, textIdx, 8)
	wantSym("useextern", elf.STB_GLOBAL, elf.STT_FUNC, textIdx, 8)
	wantSym("answer", elf.STB_LOCAL, elf.STT_OBJECT, dataIdx, 8)
	wantSym("extvar", elf.STB_GLOBAL, elf.STT_NOTYPE, elf.SHN_UNDEF, 0)

	// Relocations: one for the file-local constant (resolving against the
	// local data symbol) and one for the external (against the undefined
	// global), both R_X86_64_PC32 with the −4 addend the PC-relative form
	// needs.  debug/elf does not surface rela entries, so read the section
	// directly.
	relaSec := f.Section(".rela.text")
	if relaSec == nil {
		t.Fatal("missing .rela.text")
	}
	raw, err := relaSec.Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if len(raw)%24 != 0 || len(raw)/24 != 2 {
		t.Fatalf(".rela.text has %d bytes, want two 24-byte entries", len(raw))
	}
	// Symbol names straight from the raw tables: r_info carries an index
	// into .symtab including the null entry, which debug/elf's Symbols()
	// slice may not mirror.
	symtabRaw, err := f.Section(".symtab").Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	strtabRaw, err := f.Section(".strtab").Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	symName := func(idx int) string {
		stName := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(symtabRaw[idx*24:])
		end := bytes.IndexByte(strtabRaw[stName:], 0)
		return string(strtabRaw[stName : int(stName)+end])
	}
	for i := range 2 {
		e := raw[i*24 : (i+1)*24]
		off := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(e[0:])
		info := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(e[8:])
		addend := int64(binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(e[16:]))
		typ := info & 0xffffffff
		sym := int(info >> 32)
		if typ != uint64(elf.R_X86_64_PC32) {
			t.Errorf("reloc %d: type %d, want R_X86_64_PC32", i, typ)
		}
		if addend != -4 {
			t.Errorf("reloc %d: addend %d, want -4", i, addend)
		}
		if name := symName(sym); name != "answer" && name != "extvar" {
			t.Errorf("reloc %d: symbol %q, want answer or extvar", i, name)
		}
		// The relocation offset lands on the disp32 field: the four bytes
		// before a RET-terminated eight-byte MOVQ.
		if off+4 > uint64(len(textData)) {
			t.Errorf("reloc %d: offset %d outside .text", i, off)
		}
	}
}

// TestELFObjectTLSGuardReloc checks that a non-NOSPLIT function's stack
// guard carries an R_X86_64_TPOFF32 relocation against the null symbol in
// .rela.text.  The serialisation must honour the record's type field: a
// hardcoded R_X86_64_PC32 mislinks the TLS load as an ordinary
// PC-relative reference.
func TestELFObjectTLSGuardReloc(t *testing.T) {
	f, errs := parser.Parse("g_amd64.s", `
#include "textflag.h"

TEXT ·grow(SB), $0
	CALL ·other(SB)
	RET

TEXT ·other(SB), NOSPLIT, $0
	RET
`)
	if len(errs) > 0 {
		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", errs)
	}
	img, err := AssembleFile(f)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("AssembleFile: %v", err)
	}
	var haveTLS bool
	for _, fn := range img.Funcs {
		for _, r := range fn.Relocs {
			if r.Kind == RelTLSLE {
				haveTLS = true
			}
		}
	}
	if !haveTLS {
		t.Fatal("test source produced no RelTLSLE relocation")
	}
	obj, err := img.ELFObject()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ELFObject: %v", err)
	}
	ef, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(obj))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("parse emitted object: %v", err)
	}
	defer ef.Close()
	relaSec := ef.Section(".rela.text")
	if relaSec == nil {
		t.Fatal("missing .rela.text")
	}
	raw, err := relaSec.Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	found := false
	for i := 0; i+24 <= len(raw); i += 24 {
		e := raw[i:]
		info := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(e[8:])
		typ := info & 0xffffffff
		sym := int(info >> 32)
		if typ == uint64(elf.R_X86_64_TPOFF32) {
			found = true
			if sym != 0 {
				t.Errorf("TPOFF32 relocation against symbol %d, want 0 (the null symbol)", sym)
			}
		}
	}
	if !found {
		t.Errorf("no R_X86_64_TPOFF32 relocation in .rela.text (%d bytes)", len(raw))
	}
}

// TestELFObjectNoRelocations checks a file with no static-symbol references
// emits a valid object without a .rela.text section.
func TestELFObjectNoRelocations(t *testing.T) {
	f, errs := parser.Parse("n_amd64.s", `
#include "textflag.h"
TEXT ·nop(SB), NOSPLIT, $0
	RET
`)
	if len(errs) > 0 {
		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", errs)
	}
	img, err := AssembleFile(f)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("AssembleFile: %v", err)
	}
	obj, err := img.ELFObject()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ELFObject: %v", err)
	}
	ef, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(obj))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("parse emitted object: %v", err)
	}
	defer ef.Close()
	if ef.Section(".rela.text") != nil {
		t.Error("unexpected .rela.text section")
	}
	syms, err := ef.Symbols()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	found := false
	for _, s := range syms {
		if s.Name == "nop" && elf.ST_TYPE(s.Info) == elf.STT_FUNC {
			found = true
		}
	}
	if !found {
		t.Error("function symbol nop not found")
	}
}

// elfSectionHeaderCount returns the e_shnum the ELF header declares.
func elfSectionHeaderCount(t *testing.T, obj []byte) int {
	t.Helper()
	return int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(obj[60:]))
}

// checkELFSectionAccounting verifies the number of section headers the
// writer physically laid out equals e_shnum: every DWARF section written
// after .shstrtab must be counted, or the last ones (always .debug_frame)
// are invisible to every consumer, debug/elf included.
func checkELFSectionAccounting(t *testing.T, obj []byte) {
	t.Helper()
	shoff := int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(obj[40:]))
	shentsize := int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(obj[58:]))
	shnum := elfSectionHeaderCount(t, obj)
	if shentsize != 64 {
		t.Fatalf("e_shentsize = %d, want 64", shentsize)
	}
	if (len(obj)-shoff)%shentsize != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("section header table is not a whole number of entries: shoff=%d len=%d", shoff, len(obj))
	}
	if present := (len(obj) - shoff) / shentsize; present != shnum {
		t.Errorf("e_shnum = %d but %d section headers are laid out", shnum, present)
	}
}

// TestELFDWARFSectionAccounting runs the header accounting check over all
// four architecture emitters, and additionally checks the .debug_frame
// section is visible (its data aligned as its header declares).
func TestELFDWARFSectionAccounting(t *testing.T) {
	parse := func(name, src string) *ast.File {
		f, errs := parser.Parse(name, src)
		if len(errs) > 0 {
			t.Fatalf("parse %s: %v", name, errs)
		}
		return f
	}
	cases := []struct {
		name string
		img  *Image
		emit func(*Image) ([]byte, error)
	}{
		{"amd64", elfTestImage(t), (*Image).ELFObject},
		{"arm64", mustImage(t, func() (*Image, error) {
			return AssembleFileARM64(parse("k_arm64.s", `
#include "textflag.h"

TEXT ·add(SB), NOSPLIT, $0-24
	MOVD a+0(FP), R4
	MOVD b+8(FP), R5
	ADD R5, R4, R4
	MOVD R4, ret+16(FP)
	RET
`))
		}), (*Image).ELFAARCH64Object},
		{"riscv64", mustImage(t, func() (*Image, error) {
			return AssembleFileRISCV(parse("k_riscv64.s", `
#include "textflag.h"

TEXT ·sb(SB), NOSPLIT, $0-0
	MOV $answer<>(SB), X10
	RET

GLOBL answer<>(SB), RODATA, $8
DATA answer<>+0(SB)/8, $42
`))
		}), (*Image).ELFRISCVObject},
		{"loong64", mustImage(t, func() (*Image, error) {
			return AssembleFileLOONG64(parse("k_loong64.s", `
#include "textflag.h"

TEXT ·add(SB), NOSPLIT, $0-24
	MOVV a+0(FP), R4
	MOVV b+8(FP), R5
	ADDV R5, R4, R4
	MOVV R4, ret+16(FP)
	RET
`))
		}), (*Image).ELFLOONG64Object},
	}
	for _, tc := range cases {
		obj, err := tc.emit(tc.img)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%s: emit: %v", tc.name, err)
		}
		checkELFSectionAccounting(t, obj)
		ef, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(obj))
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("%s: parse emitted object: %v", tc.name, err)
		}
		frame := ef.Section(".debug_frame")
		if frame == nil {
			t.Errorf("%s: .debug_frame invisible to debug/elf (e_shnum too small?)", tc.name)
			ef.Close()
			continue
		}
		if frame.Offset%8 != 0 || frame.Addralign != 8 {
			t.Errorf("%s: .debug_frame offset %d align %d, want offset%%8==0 align 8", tc.name, frame.Offset, frame.Addralign)
		}
		ef.Close()
	}
}

func mustImage(t *testing.T, f func() (*Image, error)) *Image {
	t.Helper()
	img, err := f()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	return img
}

// TestELFDWARFRelocations checks the .rela.debug_info and .rela.debug_line
// sections exist and carry absolute 64-bit relocations against the
// function symbols, with r_offsets inside their target sections.
func TestELFDWARFRelocations(t *testing.T) {
	img := elfTestImage(t)
	obj, err := img.ELFObject()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ELFObject: %v", err)
	}
	ef, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(obj))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("parse emitted object: %v", err)
	}
	defer ef.Close()
	// The DWARF must record the assembled file's path (threaded through
	// Image.SourcePath), not a placeholder name.
	info, err := ef.Section(".debug_info").Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if img.SourcePath != "t_amd64.s" || !bytes.Contains(info, []byte(img.SourcePath)) {
		t.Errorf("DWARF compilation unit does not name the source %q", img.SourcePath)
	}
	for _, tc := range []struct {
		rela   string
		target string
		want   uint32
	}{
		{".rela.debug_info", ".debug_info", rX8664Abs64},
		{".rela.debug_line", ".debug_line", rX8664Abs64},
		{".rela.debug_frame", ".debug_frame", rX8664Abs64},
	} {
		rs := ef.Section(tc.rela)
		if rs == nil {
			t.Fatalf("missing %s", tc.rela)
		}
		if rs.Type != elf.SHT_RELA {
			t.Errorf("%s: type %v, want SHT_RELA", tc.rela, rs.Type)
		}
		target := ef.Section(tc.target)
		if target == nil {
			t.Fatalf("missing %s", tc.target)
		}
		if rs.Link == 0 || ef.Sections[rs.Info] != target {
			t.Errorf("%s: link %d info %d, want the symtab and %s", tc.rela, rs.Link, rs.Info, tc.target)
		}
		b, err := rs.Data()
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		// .debug_line has one address per function; .debug_info adds the
		// compile unit's own low_pc.
		want := len(img.Funcs)
		if tc.target == ".debug_info" {
			want++
		}
		if len(b)/24 != want {
			t.Errorf("%s: %d entries, want %d", tc.rela, len(b)/24, want)
		}
		for i := 0; i+24 <= len(b); i += 24 {
			r_offset := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(b[i:])
			info := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(b[i+8:])
			typ := uint32(info)
			sym := int(info >> 32)
			if typ != tc.want {
				t.Errorf("%s entry %d: type %d, want R_X86_64_64 (%d)", tc.rela, i/24, typ, tc.want)
			}
			if r_offset >= uint64(target.Size) {
				t.Errorf("%s entry %d: r_offset %d outside %s (%d bytes)", tc.rela, i/24, r_offset, tc.target, target.Size)
			}
			if sym == 0 {
				t.Errorf("%s entry %d: against the null symbol", tc.rela, i/24)
			}
		}
	}
}

// TestELFDataOnly checks a source with GLOBL data and no TEXT emits a valid
// ELF object: the DWARF compilation unit of a code-less image has no
// function to relocate against and must not reach for one.
func TestELFDataOnly(t *testing.T) {
	f, errs := parser.Parse("d0_amd64.s", `
GLOBL table<>(SB), RODATA, $8
DATA table<>+0(SB)/8, $12345
`)
	if len(errs) > 0 {
		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", errs)
	}
	img, err := AssembleFile(f)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("AssembleFile: %v", err)
	}
	obj, err := img.ELFObject()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ELFObject: %v", err)
	}
	checkELFSectionAccounting(t, obj)
	ef, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(obj))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("parse emitted object: %v", err)
	}
	defer ef.Close()
	syms, err := ef.Symbols()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	found := false
	for _, s := range syms {
		if s.Name == "table" && s.Size == 8 {
			found = true
		}
	}
	if !found {
		t.Errorf("data symbol table missing: %v", syms)
	}
	if ef.Section(".rela.debug_info") != nil || ef.Section(".rela.debug_line") != nil {
		t.Error("data-only image must not emit DWARF address relocations")
	}
}

// TestELFLinkAndRun is the end-to-end check: assemble the test functions,
// link the emitted object with a C driver that defines the external symbol,
// and run the result.  Skipped when no C compiler is available.
func TestELFLinkAndRun(t *testing.T) {
	cc, err := exec.LookPath("cc")
	if err != nil {
		t.Skip("no C compiler available")
	}
	dir := t.TempDir()

	img := elfTestImage(t)
	obj, err := img.ELFObject()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ELFObject: %v", err)
	}
	objPath := filepath.Join(dir, "t.o")
	if err := os.WriteFile(objPath, obj, 0o644); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	const driver = `
#include <stdio.h>

long addq(long a, long b);
long getanswer(void);
long useextern(void);

long extvar = 7;

int main(void) {
	printf("%ld %ld %ld\n", addq(41, 1), getanswer(), useextern());
	return 0;
}
`
	driverPath := filepath.Join(dir, "driver.c")
	if err := os.WriteFile(driverPath, []byte(driver), 0o644); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	// -no-pie: the encoder emits R_X86_64_PC32 for external references,
	// which a position-independent executable would reject (it wants
	// PLT32/GOT relocations, a future increment).
	appPath := filepath.Join(dir, "app")
	out, err := exec.Command(cc, "-no-pie", "-o", appPath, driverPath, objPath).CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("link failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
	}
	run, err := exec.Command(appPath).CombinedOutput()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("run failed: %v\n%s", err, run)
	}
	if got := string(run); got != "42 42 7\n" {
		t.Errorf("output %q, want \"42 42 7\\n\"", got)
	}

	// The DWARF addresses must have resolved at link time: the .debug_info
	// placeholders were carried by .rela.debug_info, so every subprogram's
	// low_pc must now equal its linked symbol address.
	bin, err := os.ReadFile(appPath)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	lef, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(bin))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("parse linked binary: %v", err)
	}
	defer lef.Close()
	syms, err := lef.Symbols()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	addrByName := map[string]uint64{}
	for _, s := range syms {
		if elf.ST_TYPE(s.Info) == elf.STT_FUNC && s.Value != 0 {
			addrByName[s.Name] = s.Value
		}
	}
	lowPCs := dwarfSubprogramLowPCs(t, lef)
	if len(lowPCs) == 0 {
		t.Fatal("no subprogram DW_AT_low_pc parsed from the linked binary")
	}
	for name, pc := range lowPCs {
		addr, ok := addrByName[name]
		if !ok {
			t.Errorf("subprogram %q not in the linked symbol table", name)
			continue
		}
		if pc != addr {
			t.Errorf("subprogram %q: DW_AT_low_pc = %#x, linked address %#x (DWARF relocation unresolved)", name, pc, addr)
		}
	}
}

// dwarfSubprogramLowPCs walks the linked binary's .debug_info with its own
// .debug_abbrev and returns each DW_TAG_subprogram's DW_AT_low_pc by name.
func dwarfSubprogramLowPCs(t *testing.T, ef *elf.File) map[string]uint64 {
	t.Helper()
	abbrevSec := ef.Section(".debug_abbrev")
	infoSec := ef.Section(".debug_info")
	if abbrevSec == nil || infoSec == nil {
		t.Fatal("linked binary lacks .debug_abbrev or .debug_info")
	}
	abbrev, err := abbrevSec.Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	info, err := infoSec.Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	abs := parseAbbrevs(t, abbrev)
	le := binary.LittleEndian
	out := map[string]uint64{}
	r := &ulebIter{b: info}
	r.uint32At(t) // unit_length
	if v := le.Uint16(info[4:]); v != 5 {
		t.Fatalf(".debug_info version %d, want 5", v)
	}
	r.i = 6
	r.byteAt(t)   // unit_type
	r.byteAt(t)   // address_size
	r.uint32At(t) // debug_abbrev_offset
	var name string
	var lowPC uint64
	for r.i < len(r.b) {
		code := r.uleb(t)
		if code == 0 {
			continue // end of the CU's children
		}
		ab, ok := abs[code]
		if !ok {
			t.Fatalf("unknown abbreviation code %d", code)
		}
		name, lowPC = "", 0
		for _, a := range ab.attrs {
			switch a.attr {
			case dwAtName:
				readFormKeep(t, r, a.form, &name, nil)
			case dwAtLowPC:
				readFormKeep(t, r, a.form, nil, &lowPC)
			default:
				readFormSkip(t, r, a.form)
			}
		}
		if ab.tag == dwTagSubprog && name != "" {
			out[name] = lowPC
		}
	}
	return out
}

// readFormKeep reads one DIE attribute value, keeping a string or an
// address into the pointer it was given (nil keeps nothing).
func readFormKeep(t *testing.T, r *ulebIter, form uint64, name *string, addr *uint64) {
	t.Helper()
	switch form {
	case dwFormString:
		end := r.i
		for end < len(r.b) && r.b[end] != 0 {
			end++
		}
		if name != nil {
			*name = string(r.b[r.i:end])
		}
		r.i = end + 1
	case dwFormAddr:
		if addr != nil {
			*addr = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(r.b[r.i:])
		}
		r.i += 8
	default:
		readFormSkip(t, r, form)
	}
}

func readFormSkip(t *testing.T, r *ulebIter, form uint64) {
	t.Helper()
	switch form {
	case dwFormString:
		for r.i < len(r.b) && r.b[r.i] != 0 {
			r.i++
		}
		r.i++
	case dwFormAddr, dwFormData8:
		r.i += 8
	case dwFormSecOff:
		r.i += 4
	case dwFormExprloc:
		r.i += int(r.uleb(t))
	case dwFormData1, 0x0c:
		r.i++
	default:
		t.Fatalf("unsupported form %#x", form)
	}
}

// TestELFObjectDataRelocation checks that a symbol-valued DATA field ("DATA
// s+0(SB)/8, $other(SB)") reaches the ELF object as a .rela.data entry: an
// absolute 64-bit relocation at the field's offset within .data, against
// the named symbol, external targets included.
func TestELFObjectDataRelocation(t *testing.T) {
	f, errs := parser.Parse("t_amd64.s", `#include "textflag.h"
TEXT ·Keep(SB), NOSPLIT, $0-8
	RET
GLOBL holder(SB), NOPTR, $24
DATA holder+0(SB)/8, $·Keep+5(SB)
DATA holder+8(SB)/8, $holder(SB)
DATA holder+16(SB)/8, $extvar(SB)
`)
	if len(errs) > 0 {
		t.Fatalf("parse: %v", errs)
	}
	img, err := AssembleFile(f)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("assemble: %v", err)
	}
	obj, err := img.ELFObject()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("ELFObject: %v", err)
	}
	ef, err := elf.NewFile(bytes.NewReader(obj))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("parse emitted object: %v", err)
	}
	defer ef.Close()
	relaData := ef.Section(".rela.data")
	if relaData == nil {
		t.Fatal("missing .rela.data section")
	}
	if relaData.Link == 0 || ef.Sections[relaData.Link].Name != ".symtab" {
		t.Errorf(".rela.data sh_link = %d, want the .symtab index", relaData.Link)
	}
	if ef.Sections[relaData.Info].Name != ".data" {
		t.Errorf(".rela.data sh_info = %d, want the .data index", relaData.Info)
	}
	relas, err := relaData.Data()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	var got []struct {
		off    uint64
		sym    uint32
		typ    uint32
		addend int64
	}
	for i := 0; i+24 <= len(relas); i += 24 {
		got = append(got, struct {
			off    uint64
			sym    uint32
			typ    uint32
			addend int64
		}{
			off: binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(relas[i:]),
			// r_info packs the type in the low dword and the symbol index
			// in the high dword.
			typ:    binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(relas[i+8:]),
			sym:    binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(relas[i+12:]),
			addend: int64(binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(relas[i+16:])),
		})
	}
	// debug/elf hides the table's null entry, so raw index s names syms[s-1].
	syms, err := ef.Symbols()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	name := func(idx uint32) string {
		if idx >= 1 && int(idx) <= len(syms) {
			return syms[idx-1].Name
		}
		return ""
	}
	// The offsets are data-section-relative: the field's DATA offset plus
	// the symbol's position in .data (the layout aligns each symbol to 16).
	base := uint64(0)
	for _, d := range img.DataSyms {
		if d.Name == "holder" {
			base = uint64(d.Offset)
		}
	}
	want := []struct {
		off    uint64
		typ    uint32
		addend int64
		target string
	}{
		{off: base + 0, typ: uint32(elf.R_X86_64_64), addend: 5, target: "Keep"},
		{off: base + 8, typ: uint32(elf.R_X86_64_64), addend: 0, target: "holder"},
		{off: base + 16, typ: uint32(elf.R_X86_64_64), addend: 0, target: "extvar"},
	}
	if len(got) != len(want) {
		t.Fatalf(".rela.data entries = %d, want %d", len(got), len(want))
	}
	for i, w := range want {
		g := got[i]
		if g.off != w.off || g.typ != w.typ || g.addend != w.addend {
			t.Errorf("entry %d = {off %d typ %d addend %d}, want {off %d typ %d addend %d}",
				i, g.off, g.typ, g.addend, w.off, w.typ, w.addend)
		}
		if n := name(g.sym); n != w.target {
			t.Errorf("entry %d names %q, want %q", i, n, w.target)
		}
	}
}