diff --git a/asm/loong64_assemble.go b/asm/loong64_assemble.go
index 5599b2c..d30ffd2 100644
--- a/asm/loong64_assemble.go
+++ b/asm/loong64_assemble.go
@@ -1183,8 +1183,8 @@ func encodeLOONG64Branch21(instr *ast.Instr, mnem string, op uint32, ops []*ast.
 //
 //	ADD/SGT family:  −2048..0x7ff → addi/slti directly (4 bytes)
 //	                 0x800..0xfff → ori r30, r0, v; op rd, rj, r30 (8)
-//	AND/OR/XOR:      0..0x7ff → andi/ori/xori directly (4)
-//	                 −2048..−1 → addi.d r30, r0, v; op rd, rj, r30 (8)
+//	AND/OR/XOR:      0..0xfff → andi/ori/xori directly (4)
+//	                 −2048..−1 → addi.w r30, r0, v; op rd, rj, r30 (8)
 //	32-bit:          lu12i.w r30, v>>12 [; ori r30, r30, v]; op (8/12)
 //	64-bit:          lu12i.w + ori + lu32i.d + lu52i.d + op (20)
 func encodeLOONG64ImmArith(mnem string, de l64DualEnc, ops []*ast.Operand) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -1222,12 +1222,18 @@ func encodeLOONG64ImmArith(mnem string, de l64DualEnc, ops []*ast.Operand) ([]by
 		if v == 0 {
 			return l64wordLE(l64rrr(de.rrr, 0, rj, rd)), nil
 		}
-		if v >= 0 && v <= 0x7ff {
+		if v >= 0 && v <= 0xfff {
+			// andi/ori/xori take the full unsigned 12-bit range, the
+			// toolchain's C_UU12CON class.
 			return l64wordLE(l64irr(de.imm, int(v), rj, rd)), nil
 		}
 		if v >= -2048 && v < 0 {
+			// The toolchain's case 10 loads the negative constant with
+			// addi.w (opirr(AADD)), whose 32-bit result zero-extends into
+			// the register; addi.d here would sign-extend instead and the
+			// 64-bit AND/OR/XOR would keep bits the toolchain clears.
 			return l64WordsLE(
-				l64irr(0x00b<<22, int(v), 0, 30), // addi.d r30, r0, v
+				l64irr(0x00a<<22, int(v), 0, 30), // addi.w r30, r0, v
 				l64rrr(de.rrr, 30, rj, rd),
 			), nil
 		}
@@ -1285,6 +1291,8 @@ func l64FmaOperands(ops []*ast.Operand) (fa, fk, fj, fd int, err error) {
 
 // l64MemOperands extracts (rd, rj, off, load) from a load/store instruction:
 // INSTR mem, rd is a load, INSTR rd, mem a store.
+// l64MemOperands splits the two-operand load/store forms: the register and
+// the memory side, the memory's base and byte offset, and the direction.
 func l64MemOperands(ops []*ast.Operand, fi loong64FrameInfo) (rd, rj int, off int32, load bool, err error) {
 	if len(ops) != 2 {
 		return 0, 0, 0, false, fmt.Errorf("expected 2 operands, got %d", len(ops))