diff --git a/debug/disasm_linux_arm64.go b/debug/disasm_linux_arm64.go
index 166bccf..e4dd813 100644
--- a/debug/disasm_linux_arm64.go
+++ b/debug/disasm_linux_arm64.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (s *Session) Disassemble(addr uint64) (string, int, error) {
 func (s *Session) DisassembleN(addr uint64, n int) string {
 	var result string
 	pc := addr
-	for i := range n {
+	for range n {
 		text, length, err := s.Disassemble(pc)
 		if err != nil {
 			result += fmt.Sprintf("  %#08x: <error: %v>\n", pc, err)
diff --git a/debug/disasm_linux_loong64.go b/debug/disasm_linux_loong64.go
index 3bf0f85..93f881e 100644
--- a/debug/disasm_linux_loong64.go
+++ b/debug/disasm_linux_loong64.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func (s *Session) Disassemble(addr uint64) (string, int, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "???", 4, nil
 	}
-	text := loong64asm.GoSyntax(inst, addr, nil, nil)
+	text := loong64asm.GoSyntax(inst, addr, nil)
 	return text, 4, nil
 }
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (s *Session) Disassemble(addr uint64) (string, int, error) {
 func (s *Session) DisassembleN(addr uint64, n int) string {
 	var result string
 	pc := addr
-	for i := range n {
+	for range n {
 		text, length, err := s.Disassemble(pc)
 		if err != nil {
 			result += fmt.Sprintf("  %#08x: <error: %v>\n", pc, err)
diff --git a/debug/disasm_linux_riscv64.go b/debug/disasm_linux_riscv64.go
index e9dfab9..7ff0ceb 100644
--- a/debug/disasm_linux_riscv64.go
+++ b/debug/disasm_linux_riscv64.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (s *Session) Disassemble(addr uint64) (string, int, error) {
 func (s *Session) DisassembleN(addr uint64, n int) string {
 	var result string
 	pc := addr
-	for i := range n {
+	for range n {
 		text, length, err := s.Disassemble(pc)
 		if err != nil {
 			result += fmt.Sprintf("  %#08x: <error: %v>\n", pc, err)
diff --git a/debug/ptrace_linux_arm64.go b/debug/ptrace_linux_arm64.go
index 44eef31..c497d85 100644
--- a/debug/ptrace_linux_arm64.go
+++ b/debug/ptrace_linux_arm64.go
@@ -44,26 +44,35 @@ func (s *Session) SetRegs(regs *Regs) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// FPRegs holds the NEON/FP register state (V0-V31, FPCR, FPSR).
+// ntPrFPREG is the NT_PRFPREG note type (ELF NT ver): the FP register set.
+const ntPrFPREG = 0x2
+
+// FPRegs holds the arm64 FP/NEON register state, matching the kernel's
+// user_fpsimd_struct layout (32 128-bit V registers, then FPSR and FPCR).
 type FPRegs struct {
 	V    [32][16]byte // V0-V31 (128-bit NEON/FP registers)
-	FPCR uint32
 	FPSR uint32
+	FPCR uint32
 }
 
-// GetFPRegs retrieves the NEON/FP register state.
+// GetFPRegs retrieves the FP register state via PTRACE_GETREGSET with
+// NT_PRFPREG (this architecture has no PTRACE_GETFPREGS request).
 func (s *Session) GetFPRegs() (FPRegs, error) {
 	var fp FPRegs
+	iovec := syscall.Iovec{
+		Base: (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&fp)),
+		Len:  uint64(unsafe.Sizeof(fp)),
+	}
 	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
 		syscall.SYS_PTRACE,
-		uintptr(syscall.PTRACE_GETFPREGS),
+		uintptr(syscall.PTRACE_GETREGSET),
 		uintptr(s.pid),
-		0,
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&fp)),
+		uintptr(ntPrFPREG),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovec)),
 		0, 0,
 	)
 	if errno != 0 {
-		return fp, fmt.Errorf("debug: PTRACE_GETFPREGS: %w", errno)
+		return fp, fmt.Errorf("debug: PTRACE_GETREGSET (NT_PRFPREG): %w", errno)
 	}
 	return fp, nil
 }
diff --git a/debug/ptrace_linux_loong64.go b/debug/ptrace_linux_loong64.go
index b6355fc..077364d 100644
--- a/debug/ptrace_linux_loong64.go
+++ b/debug/ptrace_linux_loong64.go
@@ -44,25 +44,36 @@ func (s *Session) SetRegs(regs *Regs) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// FPRegs holds the LoongArch FP register state (F0-F31).
+// ntPrFPREG is the NT_PRFPREG note type (ELF NT ver): the FP register set.
+const ntPrFPREG = 0x2
+
+// FPRegs holds the LoongArch FP register state, matching the kernel's
+// user_fp_struct layout (32 64-bit FP registers, the fcc condition flags,
+// and fcsr).
 type FPRegs struct {
-	F    [32][16]byte // F0-F31 (128-bit, lower 64 bits used for double)
+	F    [32]uint64 // F0-F31 (64-bit FP registers)
+	FCC  uint64     // eight per-register condition flags, packed
 	FCSR uint32
 }
 
-// GetFPRegs retrieves the FP register state.
+// GetFPRegs retrieves the FP register state via PTRACE_GETREGSET with
+// NT_PRFPREG (this architecture has no PTRACE_GETFPREGS request).
 func (s *Session) GetFPRegs() (FPRegs, error) {
 	var fp FPRegs
+	iovec := syscall.Iovec{
+		Base: (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&fp)),
+		Len:  uint64(unsafe.Sizeof(fp)),
+	}
 	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
 		syscall.SYS_PTRACE,
-		uintptr(syscall.PTRACE_GETFPREGS),
+		uintptr(syscall.PTRACE_GETREGSET),
 		uintptr(s.pid),
-		0,
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&fp)),
+		uintptr(ntPrFPREG),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovec)),
 		0, 0,
 	)
 	if errno != 0 {
-		return fp, fmt.Errorf("debug: PTRACE_GETFPREGS: %w", errno)
+		return fp, fmt.Errorf("debug: PTRACE_GETREGSET (NT_PRFPREG): %w", errno)
 	}
 	return fp, nil
 }
diff --git a/debug/ptrace_linux_riscv64.go b/debug/ptrace_linux_riscv64.go
index f017635..68dd0cb 100644
--- a/debug/ptrace_linux_riscv64.go
+++ b/debug/ptrace_linux_riscv64.go
@@ -44,25 +44,34 @@ func (s *Session) SetRegs(regs *Regs) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// FPRegs holds the RISC-V FP register state (F0-F31).
+// ntPrFPREG is the NT_PRFPREG note type (ELF NT ver): the FP register set.
+const ntPrFPREG = 0x2
+
+// FPRegs holds the RISC-V FP register state, matching the kernel's
+// user_fp_struct layout (32 64-bit FP registers plus fcsr).
 type FPRegs struct {
-	F    [32][16]byte // F0-F31 (128-bit, lower 64 bits used for double)
+	F    [32]uint64 // F0-F31 (64-bit FP registers)
 	FCSR uint32
 }
 
-// GetFPRegs retrieves the FP register state.
+// GetFPRegs retrieves the FP register state via PTRACE_GETREGSET with
+// NT_PRFPREG (this architecture has no PTRACE_GETFPREGS request).
 func (s *Session) GetFPRegs() (FPRegs, error) {
 	var fp FPRegs
+	iovec := syscall.Iovec{
+		Base: (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&fp)),
+		Len:  uint64(unsafe.Sizeof(fp)),
+	}
 	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
 		syscall.SYS_PTRACE,
-		uintptr(syscall.PTRACE_GETFPREGS),
+		uintptr(syscall.PTRACE_GETREGSET),
 		uintptr(s.pid),
-		0,
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&fp)),
+		uintptr(ntPrFPREG),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovec)),
 		0, 0,
 	)
 	if errno != 0 {
-		return fp, fmt.Errorf("debug: PTRACE_GETFPREGS: %w", errno)
+		return fp, fmt.Errorf("debug: PTRACE_GETREGSET (NT_PRFPREG): %w", errno)
 	}
 	return fp, nil
 }
diff --git a/debug/target_linux_arm64.go b/debug/target_linux_arm64.go
index 6e5d97a..d808312 100644
--- a/debug/target_linux_arm64.go
+++ b/debug/target_linux_arm64.go
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func RunTarget(asmPath, funcName, argsFile, tmpDir string) error {
 
 	bufSpecFile := tmpDir + "/bufspec"
 	if bufSpec, err := os.ReadFile(bufSpecFile); err == nil && len(bufSpec) > 0 {
-		args, err = setupBuffers(string(bufSpec), args, fl.Args, tmpDir)
+		args, err = setupBuffers(string(bufSpec), args, tmpDir)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("debug target: setup buffers: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ func RunTarget(asmPath, funcName, argsFile, tmpDir string) error {
 	stackArgs := make([]byte, fl.Args)
 	copy(stackArgs, args)
 
-	_, callErr := verify.Call(stackArgs)
+	_, callErr := verify.Call(fnAddr, stackArgs)
 	if callErr != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
diff --git a/debug/target_linux_loong64.go b/debug/target_linux_loong64.go
index de560a9..e3039dd 100644
--- a/debug/target_linux_loong64.go
+++ b/debug/target_linux_loong64.go
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ func RunTarget(asmPath, funcName, argsFile, tmpDir string) error {
 	stackArgs := make([]byte, fl.Args)
 	copy(stackArgs, args)
 
-	_, callErr := verify.Call(stackArgs)
+	_, callErr := verify.Call(fnAddr, stackArgs)
 	if callErr != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
diff --git a/debug/target_linux_riscv64.go b/debug/target_linux_riscv64.go
index 70f1543..2baa2a7 100644
--- a/debug/target_linux_riscv64.go
+++ b/debug/target_linux_riscv64.go
@@ -28,15 +28,7 @@ func RunTarget(asmPath, funcName, argsFile, tmpDir string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("debug target: parse: %v", errs[0])
 	}
 
-	var img *asm.Image
-	switch "riscv64" {
-	case "arm64":
-		img, err = asm.AssembleFileARM64(file)
-	case "riscv64":
-		img, err = asm.AssembleFileRISCV(file)
-	case "loong64":
-		img, err = asm.AssembleFileLOONG64(file)
-	}
+	img, err := asm.AssembleFileRISCV(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("debug target: assemble: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -107,7 +99,7 @@ func RunTarget(asmPath, funcName, argsFile, tmpDir string) error {
 	stackArgs := make([]byte, fl.Args)
 	copy(stackArgs, args)
 
-	_, callErr := verify.Call(stackArgs)
+	_, callErr := verify.Call(fnAddr, stackArgs)
 	if callErr != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
diff --git a/debug/watchpoint_linux_arm64.go b/debug/watchpoint_linux_arm64.go
index 8bdebb0..3003e3d 100644
--- a/debug/watchpoint_linux_arm64.go
+++ b/debug/watchpoint_linux_arm64.go
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func (s *Session) getHWBreakState() (*hwBreakState, error) {
 	var state hwBreakState
 	iovec := syscall.Iovec{
 		Base: (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&state)),
-		Len:  uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(state)),
+		Len:  uint64(unsafe.Sizeof(state)),
 	}
 	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
 		syscall.SYS_PTRACE,
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func (s *Session) getHWBreakState() (*hwBreakState, error) {
 func (s *Session) setHWBreakState(state *hwBreakState) error {
 	iovec := syscall.Iovec{
 		Base: (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(state)),
-		Len:  uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*state)),
+		Len:  uint64(unsafe.Sizeof(*state)),
 	}
 	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
 		syscall.SYS_PTRACE,