feat: initial release
Assisted-by: GLM 5.3 Flash
This commit is contained in:
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// Copyright (c) 2026 Petr Balvín <opensource@petrbalvin.org> (https://petrbalvin.org)
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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package linalg
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import (
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"math"
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"testing"
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"sourcedock.dev/petrbalvin/tensor/internal/core"
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)
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// randomDense builds a deterministic m×n matrix with entries in [−1, 1)
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// from the seeded generator, so no test randomness leaks.
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func randomDense(t *testing.T, m, n int, seed int64) *core.Array {
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t.Helper()
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g := core.NewGenerator(seed)
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vals := make([]float64, m*n)
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for i := range vals {
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vals[i] = float64(g.Next()%2000)/1000 - 1
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}
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return floatsToArray(vals, []int{m, n})
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}
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func TestRRQRFactorisation(t *testing.T) {
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const m, n = 14, 8
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a := randomDense(t, m, n, 11)
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q, r, perm, rank, err := RRQR(a)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("RRQR: %v", err)
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}
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if rank != n {
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t.Fatalf("rank %d for a full-rank %d×%d matrix", rank, m, n)
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}
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if !rrqrValidPerm(perm) {
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t.Fatalf("the permutation %v is not a permutation", perm)
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}
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// A·P = Q·R to machine precision.
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worst, aMax := 0.0, 0.0
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for i := range m {
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for j := range n {
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ap := a.FloatAt(i*n + perm[j])
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qr := 0.0
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for l := range m {
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qr += q.FloatAt(i*m+l) * r.FloatAt(l*n+j)
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}
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if d := math.Abs(ap - qr); d > worst {
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worst = d
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}
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if v := math.Abs(a.FloatAt(i*n + j)); v > aMax {
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aMax = v
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}
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}
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}
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if worst > 1e-12*math.Max(1, aMax)*float64(m) {
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t.Fatalf("A·P = Q·R off by %.3g", worst)
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}
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// Q orthogonal.
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for i := range m {
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for j := range m {
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s := 0.0
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for l := range m {
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s += q.FloatAt(l*m+i) * q.FloatAt(l*m+j)
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}
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want := 0.0
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if i == j {
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want = 1
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}
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if math.Abs(s-want) > 1e-13 {
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t.Fatalf("QᵀQ[%d,%d] = %.16g, want %.16g", i, j, s, want)
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}
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}
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}
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// R upper triangular.
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for i := range m {
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for j := range n {
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if j < i && math.Abs(r.FloatAt(i*n+j)) > 1e-12 {
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t.Fatalf("R[%d,%d] = %.3g below the diagonal", i, j, r.FloatAt(i*n+j))
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}
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}
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}
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// The |R| diagonal decays monotonically, the pivoting guarantee.
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for i := 1; i < n; i++ {
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hi := math.Abs(r.FloatAt(i*n + i))
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lo := math.Abs(r.FloatAt((i-1)*n + i - 1))
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if hi > lo*(1+1e-12) {
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t.Fatalf("|R[%d,%d]| = %.6g exceeds |R[%d,%d]| = %.6g", i, i, hi, i-1, i-1, lo)
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}
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}
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// RRQRRank is the same count without the orthogonal factor.
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rank2, err := RRQRRank(a)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("RRQRRank: %v", err)
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}
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if rank2 != n {
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t.Fatalf("RRQRRank = %d, want %d", rank2, n)
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}
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}
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func TestRRQRRankDetection(t *testing.T) {
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// A hand-built 6×4: three independent columns and a fourth that is
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// exactly 2·c0 + c1 in float arithmetic.
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const m, n = 6, 4
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g := core.NewGenerator(5)
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raw := make([]float64, m*n)
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for i := range m {
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raw[i*n+0] = float64(g.Next()%100)/50 - 1
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raw[i*n+1] = float64(g.Next()%100)/50 - 1
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raw[i*n+2] = float64(g.Next()%100)/50 - 1
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raw[i*n+3] = 2*raw[i*n+0] + raw[i*n+1]
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}
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a := floatsToArray(raw, []int{m, n})
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_, _, perm, rank, err := RRQR(a)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("RRQR: %v", err)
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}
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if rank != 3 {
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t.Fatalf("rank %d for a matrix whose fourth column is exactly dependent", rank)
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}
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if !rrqrValidPerm(perm) {
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t.Fatalf("the permutation %v is not a permutation", perm)
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}
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// The SVD count must agree, independently.
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svdRank, err := MatrixRank(a, 0)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("MatrixRank: %v", err)
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}
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if svdRank != 3 {
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t.Fatalf("the SVD counts rank %d where the pivoted diagonal shows 3", svdRank)
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}
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// An exact zero column is the cleanest possible direction.
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zero := floatsToArray([]float64{
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1, 0, 2, 0,
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2, 1, 1, 0,
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1, 1, 3, 0,
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2, 0, 1, 0,
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1, 2, 2, 0,
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3, 1, 4, 0,
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}, []int{m, n})
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rankZero, err := RRQRRank(zero)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("RRQRRank: %v", err)
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}
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if rankZero != 3 {
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t.Fatalf("rank %d for a matrix with an exact zero column", rankZero)
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}
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// The zero matrix has no rank at all.
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empty := floatsToArray(make([]float64, 3*2), []int{3, 2})
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rankEmpty, err := RRQRRank(empty)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("RRQRRank: %v", err)
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}
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if rankEmpty != 0 {
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t.Fatalf("rank %d for the zero matrix", rankEmpty)
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}
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}
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func TestSolveRRQRMinimumNorm(t *testing.T) {
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// Rank-deficient and consistent: the minimum-norm answer, checked
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// against the SVD's Pinverse and, on a hand-checkable 3×3, against
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// the exact (0, 1, 1).
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const m, n = 6, 4
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g := core.NewGenerator(9)
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raw := make([]float64, m*n)
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for i := range m {
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raw[i*n+0] = float64(g.Next()%100)/50 - 1
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raw[i*n+1] = float64(g.Next()%100)/50 - 1
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raw[i*n+2] = float64(g.Next()%100)/50 - 1
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raw[i*n+3] = 2*raw[i*n+0] + raw[i*n+1]
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}
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a := floatsToArray(raw, []int{m, n})
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xTrue := make([]float64, n)
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for i := range n {
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xTrue[i] = math.Cos(0.3*float64(i)) + float64(i%3)
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}
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b := core.New(core.Float, m)
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for i := range m {
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s := 0.0
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for j := range n {
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s += raw[i*n+j] * xTrue[j]
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}
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b.RawFloats()[i] = s
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}
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x, err := SolveRRQR(a, b)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("SolveRRQR: %v", err)
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}
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pinv, err := Pinverse(a, 0)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("Pinverse: %v", err)
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}
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worst := 0.0
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for i := range n {
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s := 0.0
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for j := range m {
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s += pinv.FloatAt(i*m+j) * b.FloatAt(j)
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}
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if d := math.Abs(x.FloatAt(i) - s); d > worst {
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worst = d
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}
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}
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if worst > 1e-8 {
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t.Fatalf("the pivoted answer misses the SVD minimum norm by %.3g", worst)
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}
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// The hand-checkable 3×3 system from the sparse solver's own pin.
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tiny := floatsToArray([]float64{1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2}, []int{3, 3})
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tb := mustFloats(t, []float64{1, 2, 3}, 3)
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xt, err := SolveRRQR(tiny, tb)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("SolveRRQR: %v", err)
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}
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want := []float64{0, 1, 1}
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for i := range want {
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if math.Abs(xt.FloatAt(i)-want[i]) > 1e-10 {
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t.Fatalf("x[%d] = %.12g, want the minimum-norm %.12g", i, xt.FloatAt(i), want[i])
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}
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}
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// Full rank and inconsistent: the ordinary least-squares answer.
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full := randomDense(t, 5, 3, 13)
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fb := mustFloats(t, []float64{1, -1, 2, 0.5, 3}, 5)
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xf, err := SolveRRQR(full, fb)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("SolveRRQR: %v", err)
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}
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ref, err := LeastSquares(full, fb)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("LeastSquares: %v", err)
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}
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for i := range 3 {
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if math.Abs(xf.FloatAt(i)-ref.FloatAt(i)) > 1e-9 {
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t.Fatalf("full-rank solve x[%d] = %.12g, want %.12g", i, xf.FloatAt(i), ref.FloatAt(i))
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}
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}
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}
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func TestSolveRRQRErrors(t *testing.T) {
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wide := floatsToArray([]float64{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, []int{2, 3})
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b2 := mustFloats(t, []float64{1, 2}, 2)
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if _, err := SolveRRQR(wide, b2); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("an underdetermined system was accepted")
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}
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complexA, err := core.FromComplexes([]complex128{1, 0, 0, 1}, 2, 2)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("FromComplexes: %v", err)
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}
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if _, err := SolveRRQR(complexA, b2); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("a complex matrix was accepted")
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}
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good := randomDense(t, 4, 3, 17)
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complexB, err := core.FromComplexes([]complex128{1, 2, 3}, 3)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("FromComplexes: %v", err)
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}
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if _, err := SolveRRQR(good, complexB); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("a complex right-hand side was accepted")
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}
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if _, err := SolveRRQR(good, mustFloats(t, []float64{1, 2}, 2)); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("a short right-hand side was accepted")
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}
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if _, err := SolveRRQR(good, core.New(core.Float, 2, 2)); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("a rank-2 right-hand side was accepted")
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}
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}
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func TestRRQRErrors(t *testing.T) {
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oneD := mustFloats(t, []float64{1, 2, 3}, 3)
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if _, _, _, _, err := RRQR(oneD); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("a rank-1 input was accepted")
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}
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complexA, err := core.FromComplexes([]complex128{1, 0, 0, 1}, 2, 2)
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if err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("FromComplexes: %v", err)
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}
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if _, _, _, _, err := RRQR(complexA); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("a complex matrix was accepted")
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}
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wide := floatsToArray([]float64{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, []int{2, 3})
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if _, _, _, _, err := RRQR(wide); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("an underdetermined matrix was accepted")
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}
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if _, err := RRQRRank(oneD); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("RRQRRank accepted a rank-1 input")
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}
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if _, err := RRQRRank(complexA); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("RRQRRank accepted a complex matrix")
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}
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if _, err := RRQRRank(wide); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("RRQRRank accepted an underdetermined matrix")
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}
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empty := floatsToArray([]float64{1}, []int{1, 0})
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if _, _, _, _, err := RRQR(empty); err == nil {
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t.Fatal("an empty matrix was accepted")
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}
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// The permutation helper's contract.
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if !rrqrValidPerm([]int{2, 0, 1}) {
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t.Fatal("a rotation was rejected as a permutation")
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}
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if rrqrValidPerm([]int{0, 0, 1}) {
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t.Fatal("a repeated index passed as a permutation")
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}
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if rrqrValidPerm([]int{0, 2}) {
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t.Fatal("an out-of-range index passed as a permutation")
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}
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}
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